1. DefinitionsIn these Rules:
    Complainant means the party initiating a complaint concerning a domain-name registration.ICANN refers to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.Mutual Jurisdiction means a court jurisdiction at the location of either (a) the principal office of the Registrar (provided the domain-name holder has submitted in its Registration Agreement to that jurisdiction for court adjudication of disputes concerning or arising from the use of the domain name) or (b) the domain-name holder's address as shown for the registration of the domain name in Registrar's Whois database at the time the complaint is submitted to the Provider.Panel means an administrative panel appointed by a Provider to decide a complaint concerning a domain-name registration.Panelist means an individual appointed by a Provider to be a member of a Panel.Party means a Complainant or a Respondent.Policy means the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy that is incorporated by reference and made a part of the Registration Agreement.Provider means a dispute-resolution service provider approved by ICANN. A list of such Providers appears at www.icann.org/udrp/approved-providers.htm.Registrar means the entity with which the Respondent has registered a domain name that is the subject of a complaint.Registration Agreement means the agreement between a Registrar and a domain-name holder.Respondent means the holder of a domain-name registration against which a complaint is initiated.Reverse Domain Name Hijacking means using the Policy in bad faith to attempt to deprive a registered domain-name holder of a domain name.Supplemental Rules means the rules adopted by the Provider administering a proceeding to supplement these Rules. Supplemental Rules shall not be inconsistent with the Policy or these Rules and shall cover such topics as fees, word and page limits and guidelines, the means for communicating with the Provider and the Panel, and the form of cover sheets.

2. Communications
    (a) When forwarding a complaint to the Respondent, it shall be the Provider's responsibility to employ reasonably available means calculated to achieve actual notice to Respondent. Achieving actual notice, or employing the following measures to do so, shall discharge this responsibility:(i) sending the complaint to all postal-mail and facsimile addresses (A) shown in the domain name's registration data in Registrar's Whois database for the registered domain-name holder, the technical contact, and the administrative contact and (B) supplied by Registrar to the Provider for the registration's billing contact; and(ii) sending the complaint in electronic form (including annexes to the extent available in that form) by e-mail to: (iii) sending the complaint to any address the Respondent has notified the Provider it prefers and, to the extent practicable, to all other addresses provided to the Provider by Complainant under Paragraph 3(b)(v).
    (b) Except as provided in Paragraph 2(a), any written communication to Complainant or Respondent provided for under these Rules shall be made by the preferred means stated by the Complainant or Respondent, respectively (see Paragraphs 3(b)(iii) and 5(b)(iii)), or in the absence of such specification (i) by telecopy or facsimile transmission, with a confirmation of transmission; or(ii) by postal or courier service, postage pre-paid and return receipt requested; or(iii) electronically via the Internet, provided a record of its transmission is available.
    (c) Any communication to the Provider or the Panel shall be made by the means and in the manner (including number of copies) stated in the Provider's Supplemental Rules.